Woodworkers have a variety of glues at their disposal. No one is the universal panacea – each has situations in which it excels. Since I chiefly build indoor wood furniture, I usually use hide glue.

Hide glue comes in two flavors: hot, and liquid. The terms are self-explanatory. At the risk of redundancy however, I will elucidate. In the United States, hide glue is most readily available to woodworkers in a powdered form at two strength levels. Denoted in grams, the lower the number the longer the open time. 192 gram strength hide glue is the most common. While suitable for most woodworking tasks, its speciality is in veneering and marquetry. Also available, but much less commonly encountered is 251 gram strength glue for cabinetmaking. This glue creates a stronger bond, but sets up much faster than 192.

• Hide glue is easy to use. Other than the heating that hot hide glue requires, it is simple to prepare, and use. Liquid hide glue can be used straight from the bottle!
• Hide glue is strong. It is more than adequate for woodworking tasks. In certain joinery situations, it even provides a slight advantage.
• Hide glue doesn’t smell. Many people are concerned that hot hide glue will produce a strong smell, according to the stories they’ve heard. However, visitors to my studio are always surprised to learn that the glue pot has been cooking their entire visit, and they’ve been standing adjacent to it! Use a good quality hide glue. If the glue develops a strong smell, it’s an indication that it has gone bad. Wash out the pot, and make a fresh batch!
• Hide glue has an infinite lifetime if kept dry.

While many are familiar with these points, few are aware of its benefits.

• Hide glue is reversible! Unlike nearly every other glue, pieces bonded with hide glue can be separated with the application of heat and moisture, that is, hot water! Every other glue that I know of requires the destruction of the joint!
• Hide glue adheres to itself. It is the only glue of which I’m aware that will bond to itself. This quality makes it ideal in situations where the joinery is stressed, and will eventually fail, for example, chairs.
• Hide glue is transparent to finish.
• Hide glue accommodates certain techniques, such as rubbed joints, and hammer veneering, for instance, which cannot be achieved through any other method.

Not only does hide glue provide these advantages, but this is exactly the type of glue that would have been used on the Oeben original.

During my stay at the Marc Adams School, I had a chance to refresh my French polishing skills. Today, French polishing has become synonymous with a high-gloss finish. To woodworkers, however, this term is specific to a technique for the application of shellac. Shellac is a natural product derived from insects that range in Southeast Asia. It is collected, and processed to remove the sticks, leaves, and other “foreign matter”.

Next, it’s ground into coarse particles, and separated into various colors…

Further processing leads to it in the familiar “flake” form with which woodworkers are familiar…
This is an over-simplification of the procedure. The interested reader is referred to Vijay Velji’s article, “Shellac’s Amazing Journey” in Fine Woodworking number 215.

When I first learned French polishing, the process began with pore filling using linseed oil and pumice. Patrick Edwards, however, omitted the oil simply applying the pumice with the pad moistened with alchol. His experience has shown that once the oil has evaporated through the shellac, as the piece ages, the accumulated pumice powder shows through. The alcohol dries well before the shellac is applied, and so the excess powder can be easily removed. This technique has the added advantage of burnishing the surface to a glossy shine, almost evident in this photo…

This result was achieved with under an hour of effort to facilitate the seminar. However, when properly executed over the course of several days, you can understand how the surface will shine. Once, and only once this treatment is complete, can the finisher begin the shellac applications. Keep in mind that French polishing is a slow process requiring patience, and persistence. It is not meant to be rushed, and usually occurs over a period of several days to weeks.

So why do woodworkers torture themselves with this process in this “modern” day? For several reasons:
• French polishing can be performed with simple, inexpensive materials – it’s just alcohol, oil, shellac, and cloth! No fancy spray guns, or figuring out which brush type to use!
• Shellac is an easily repairable medium. Many times affected pieces can be treated on site whereas other finishes necessitate having to haul the damaged piece back to the finisher’s shop. That’s an added expense!
• Finally, as I mentioned before, shellac and its solvent, alcohol, are natural products. They’ve been used for over a century with few to no ill-health effects. In fact, shellac is one of the few “finish” materials that is an FDA approved ingredient in medicines and food products! Ever wonder how the produce in your local grocery got its shine? It has been coated with shellac!

Nearly a year ago, I began building a mini-chevalet to cut the marquetry in the table top. Patrick Edwards, French-marquetry method master, provides a great explanation of a chevalet if you’re unfamiliar with this tool.

Essentially, it’s a hand-powered scroll saw mounted on a horizontal rail. Mine is built entirely from scrap 1/2 inch plywood, uses nylon bushings, and fret saw blades. The saw is constrained to move perfectly along this line, with the veneer packet held in a vertical spring-loaded (at least in this version) vise. The advantage to this gizmo is that relatively thick veneer packets can be cut with the guarantee that a piece from one end of the packet will fit into the hole on the other end. We want nice tight joints in marquetry with no gaps between the pieces.

The major differences between this version, and a full-sized chevalet are cutting capacity, and comfort. The full-sized model is a sit-down affair with foot pressure controlling the grip of the vise. It’s also capable of working longer pieces as governed by the length of the saw arms.

This will be my first introduction to this tool. It’ll also serve as a prototype for when I get around to building a full-sized version. However, there are two limiting factors on that last point: materials, and shop space. The first is easy to correct, it just takes money! While the second point is also solved by money, that solution is vastly more expensive.

The design is based off one Don Williams made. I saw pictures of his on the Smithsonian website, and corresponded with him. He graciously provided me with pictures from multiple views. Donna Hill shared more pictures she took at Woodworking in America a few years back. The process has been a great learning experience, and I expect that it will continue to be as I begin using it.